Yes, your data are still intact, seems only the boot loader is broken / corrupted.
Try going into Options when you see the Clover loader, use the right arrow to navigate
Select ACPI patching-> Tables Dropping->
Go all the way down and deselect Drop all OEM SSDT
Check all the Drop "SSDT-xx" below that
Select Return
Change DSDT name: BIOS.aml or anything other than DSDT.aml
Select Return, Return
Hit spacebar to select Verbose mode + debug 0x100 mode
See if you could boot with that settings.
For patching, yes all those patches are for DSDT only.
Only patches for SSDT are the renames so yes that could be done via Config, but it has not been working for me for unknown reason.
You could rename the SSDT or leave them as they are, I'm just lazy to enter the whole names into the Config file.
Inject layout-id for HDEF might not be needed, but you might need to add hda-gfx and onboard=1. Sound audio/HDDMI audio doesn't work without it. Sound you could just leave out the layout-id line.
You could skip the Skylake Intel 520 patch too, new Clover should be able to auto detect it.
As for LPC Skylake, search for the line with the error and rename _DSM to XDSM or ZDSM.
That's why I patch rename _DSM to XDSM first before doing other patches.